India’s cement industry is increasingly adopting alternative fuels to reduce dependence on conventional fossil fuels such as coal and support more sustainable waste management. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), particularly its combustible fraction processed into Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF), offers significant potential as an alternative energy source for cement kilns.
This report examines the potential to scale up the use of MSW-derived RDF in Indian cement plants, highlighting that the key challenge is not kiln technology but the availability of a reliable, consistent supply of quality RDF. It outlines successful plant experiences, regulatory developments, business models and a roadmap to strengthen the RDF supply chain and achieve higher Thermal Substitution Rates (TSR).
The report was released at the 16th Edition conference on alternative fuels & raw materials, held on 27-28 October 2026 in Goa.